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Ectopic Pregnancy

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Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants itself outside the endometrial cavity, often happening in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube. This condition requires immediate attention, as untreated cases can result in severe consequences such as internal bleeding, intense pain, nausea, infection, and even fatalities. Ectopic pregnancy significantly contributes to first-trimester mortality, accounting for approximately 4% of pregnancy-related deaths.

Symptoms of Ectopic pregnancy

Pelvic pain
Shoulder pain
Missed periods
Soreness of breast
Nausea

Causes of ectopic pregnancy

Previous ectopic pregnancy

Prior fallopian tube surgery

Endometriosis

Inflammation or infection

Smoking

Intrauterine device

Types of ectopic pregnancy

Ovarian ectopic pregnancy
Abdominal ectopic pregnancy
Cervical ectopic pregnancy

Diagnosis and Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy

Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy:

Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy involves a comprehensive approach, including an assessment of the patient's medical history and various diagnostic tests. The clinical diagnosis often revolves around measuring hormone levels, specifically human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Common diagnostic procedures include:
Pelvic Exam: This examination aids in identifying areas of pain or the presence of masses in the fallopian tubes or ovaries.
Transvaginal Ultrasound: Using sound waves, a transvaginal ultrasound generates images of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, enabling accurate identification of the pregnancy's location.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Test: This test measures hCG levels, which tend to increase during pregnancy. The results assist in determining the most appropriate course of ectopic pregnancy treatment.
Ectopic Pregnancy Treatment:
Ectopic pregnancy treatment depends on the severity of the condition and offers two primary options: medication or surgery.

Medication Treatment: In cases detected at an early stage, medication treatment is a common recommendation. Methotrexate, administered through injection, is the primary medication used. Its effect on hCG levels is monitored before and after the procedure. In some instances, a second dose may be necessary if the initial dose fails to sufficiently reduce hCG levels. The termination of ectopic pregnancy is confirmed through ultrasound.

Surgical Treatment: Surgical intervention for ectopic pregnancy varies based on the type of ectopic pregnancy. Salpingectomy and salpingostomy are laparoscopic surgical procedures used to treat different types of ectopic pregnancies.

Ectopic pregnancy necessitates prompt and appropriate management to ensure the well-being of the patient. Consulting with medical professionals is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.